Remédio que ‘cura’ câncer ainda está longe das farmácias, diz pesquisadora
Cientistas descobriram como desativar gene que reproduz células tumorais.
Mas ainda há longo caminho para transformar achado em remédio.
Na última semana, cientistas da Harvard Medical School, nos EUA, mostraram ao mundo que encontraram o caminho para envelhecer e matar células do câncer apenas com a desativação de um gene – sem o uso de remédios fortes, como quimioterápicos, evitando efeitos colaterais já tão conhecidos no tratamento de tumores.
A pesquisa, feita em camundongos e em estágio inicial em humanos, trouxe ansiedade para a uma possível cura do câncer, mas especialistas explicam que não é tão simples fazer uma descoberta se transformar em remédios.
“É um processo de longo prazo. É bem provável que demore anos”, conta a bióloga brasileira Luciana Andrade, que pesquisa células cancerígenas em seu pós-doutorado na Universidade da Califórnia, em San Diego, nos EUA.
Segundo Andrade, a descoberta de Harvard é importante, pois os cientistas conseguiram descobrir um “ponto fraco” das células cancerígenas, e agora abrem caminho para possíveis remédios que agem exclusivamente contra os tumores, praticamente sem efeitos colaterais.
A bióloga adverte, contudo, que os testes foram feitos em animais, e apenas para o câncer de próstata. Em outros tipos de câncer, o efeito da desativação do gene Skp2, como foi feito em Harvard, poderia ter outro efeito. “Cada órgão do corpo humano pode originar um tumor diferente”, conta a pesquisadora.
Tumor paralisado
O “desligamento” do gene Skp2, segundo a pesquisa divulgada na semana passada, faria com que as células dos tumores parassem de se reproduzir, impedindo que o câncer crescesse ou se espalhasse para outros órgãos – processo conhecido como metástase, que muitas vezes transforma o câncer em doença incurável. “O que mata é a metástase”, conta Luciana.
Superada a etapa de barrar a reprodução das células, ainda sobra um desafio para os médicos: o que fazer com um tumor maligno paralisado? “Ela [a célula cancerígena] pode ser removida pelo sistema imune ou não, ela pode morrer ou não. Ainda não se sabe dizer como isso ocorre. Mas conseguir controlar o crescimento de um tumor já é um tremendo avanço”, afirma a bióloga.
Imagem mostra como ocorre o processo da metástase, quando as células cancerígenas se reproduzem e se espalham pelo corpo, formando novos tumores. Com a desativação de um gene específico, cientistas conseguiram barrar a duplicação das células, impedindo a metástase e o agravamento da doença. (Foto: Instituto Nacional do Câncer dos EUA)
Fonte: G1
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