O Instituto de Psiquiatria da USP (Universidade de São Paulo) convoca maiores de 18 anos que se consideram viciados em chocolate a participar de um estudo que pretende levantar as causas da compulsão. Serão dez encontros quinzenais no próprio instituto, localizado na região central de São Paulo, às segundas-feiras, das 10h às 11h30. Durante os encontros, os pesquisadores vão incentivar diálogos sobre o tema e oferecer chocolates aos participantes.
Apesar de o termo ‘chocólatra’ ser usado popularmente por quem apenas gosta de chocolate, comer demais a guloseima pode ser sinal de compulsão ou mesmo um distúrbio alimentar que requer tratamento clínico e psiquiátrico. Isso porque o produto vira uma válvula de escape para pessoas com ansiedade ou depressão, que alteram os níveis de serotonina do cérebro, responsáveis pelas sensações de prazer.
Segundo o psiquiatra Arthur Kaufman, líder da pesquisa do Programa de Atendimento ao Obeso do Ipq, a pessoa pode ser considerada viciada em chocolate quando come o doce todos os dias, em bastante quantidade e em um curto espaço de tempo. A vontade incontrolável de ingerir a guloseima é característica comum à compulsão alimentar.
- Um chocólatra é aquela pessoa que come de 300g a 500g de chocolate por dia, mas tem gente que chega a comer 1kg.
Doce vira “muleta” para aliviar o estresse.
Outro fator comum ao chocólatra é usar o doce para aliviar momentos de tensão, explica Kaufman.
- O chocolate libera um neurotransmissor chamado endorfina, o mesmo que é liberado quando se faz muitas horas de academia, que dá sensação de prazer, porque ativa a liberação da serotonina, responsável pelo humor. Quem come chocolate tem melhora imediata do humor.
- Importante: o indivíduo que faz dietas exageradas se priva de coisas importantes, o que gera uma desregulação na operação do metabolismo, alterando os níveis de serotonina. E isso faz ela querer comer muito doce, porque sabe que vai ficar mais calma.
Tratamento é feito com moderador de apetite ou antidepressivos
Se for comprovada a compulsão pelo chocolate, o tratamento deve ser realizado como o de qualquer outro distúrbio alimentar, com medicação que limite a vontade de comer descontroladamente. Segundo a endocrinologista da Abeso, são indicados remédios a base de sibutramina (moderador de apetite) ou antidepressivos como a fluoxetina.
- Se a pessoa é obesa, damos a sibutramina para ela perder peso. Se sofre de transtorno de ansiedade ou é depressiva, damos a fluoxetina que vai tentar normalizar os níveis de serotonina.
Junto aos medicamentos, o ideal é receber também orientação psicológica ou psiquiátrica. Para a psicóloga Cecília Zylberstajn, da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, a psicoterapia é importante porque age na parte emocional, ajudando a pessoa a reconhecer seus sentimentos que levam à compulsão.
- A terapia vai ajudá-la a identificar os problemas existentes que podem influenciar na mudança do comportamento.
Fonte: R7
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